Turkic etymology : Query result

▴ Proto-Turkic

▴ Altaic etymology

▴ Meaning

▴ Russian meaning

▴ Old Turkic

▴ Karakhanid

▴ Turkish

▴ Tatar

▴ Middle Turkic

▴ Uzbek

▴ Uighur

▴ Sary-Yughur

▴ Azerbaidzhan

▴ Turkmen

▴ Khakassian

▴ Shor

▴ Oyrat

▴ Halaj

▴ Chuvash

▴ Yakut

▴ Dolgan

▴ Tuva

▴ Tofalar

▴ Kirghiz

▴ Kazakh

▴ Noghai

▴ Bashkir

▴ Balkar

▴ Gagauz

▴ Karaim

▴ Karakalpak

▴ Salar

▴ Kumyk

▴ Comments

face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.tku-c?

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"a stinging insect

face="Times New Roman Star"кусающее насекомое

face="Times New Roman Star"qatquc? (MK - Argu) 'a thing which stings like a scorpion'

face="Times New Roman Star"xyt-kajъk 'жужелица'

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 599, ДТС. Cf. also (MK) qod|g|u 'fly'. The Chuvash word is analysed as 'hard-bird' or 'hard-animal', which is probably a folk-etymological reanalysis of *ka.tku-.

face="Times New Roman Star"*o":tu"-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 old 2 old, abandoned house 3 everything old 4 name of the homeland of the Turks ("old country")

face="Times New Roman Star"1 старый 2 старое, заброшенное жилище 3 старье 4 назв. местности

face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"ken 4 (Orkh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"ken 4 (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"vadъ 1

face="Times New Roman Star"o"to"x 2

face="Times New Roman Star"o"to"k 3

face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"ka"n `name of a mountain ridge in Tuva' (ФиЛ 215)

face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"ka"n `ровное широкое место на белках, удобное для пастьбы оленей' (ФиЛ 215)

face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 85; ДТС 393; Stachowski 201. Chuv. va- points only to PT *o":-. Turk. > Bur. u"tu"gen `shaman word for earth' > Yak. u"tu"gen 'неизвестная даль; преисподняя' (Пек. III 3195).

face="Times New Roman Star"*gu"l

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 vestibule, inner porch 2 house, hut 3 home, dwelling-place

face="Times New Roman Star"1 сени, прихожая 2 дом, хижина 3 жилище

face="Times New Roman Star"gil 'family (as a second part of compound)', (dial.) 3

face="Times New Roman Star"gil 'family (as a second part of compound)'

face="Times New Roman Star"kil, ku"l 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ku"la" 1

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 270, Егоров 112, Федотов 1, 291-292. Yak. ku":la" is secondarily borrowed from Tungus, see VEWT 270; but ku"le may be inherited.

face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"m-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"bow, arrow

face="Times New Roman Star"лук, стрела

face="Times New Roman Star"s/@w|mren, s/@w|m@w|rlen

face="Times New Roman Star"Федотов 2, 108-109.

face="Times New Roman Star"*Kugu

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"swan

face="Times New Roman Star"лебедь

face="Times New Roman Star"qug|u (Yen., OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"qug|u (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"kog|u, kug|u

face="Times New Roman Star"qu:, qu (Буд.); Sib. qug|y 'polar duck'

face="Times New Roman Star"qug|u (Ettuhf.), qu (Pav. C., AH)

face="Times New Roman Star"quw

face="Times New Roman Star"Gu, Gug|u

face="Times New Roman Star"Guv

face="Times New Roman Star"xu:

face="Times New Roman Star"qu:

face="Times New Roman Star"kuba

face="Times New Roman Star"qu:

face="Times New Roman Star"quw

face="Times New Roman Star"qug|u, qog|u, quw

face="Times New Roman Star"quw

face="Times New Roman Star"quw, qu:

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 275, EDT 609, TMN 3, 533-534, Лексика 171, ЭСТЯ 6, 101, Stachowski 159. Turk. > Kalm. g|og|a":, g|og|a: '(Heer)schnepfe', see KW 149. On Yak. kuba see a special note under PA *ki_o\pu\.

face="Times New Roman Star"*Kiam

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 shaman 2 to shamanize, come into movement

face="Times New Roman Star"1 шаман 2 камлать, приходить в движение

face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1, qamla- 2 (OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"qam (MK, KB) 1

face="Times New Roman Star"kam 1

face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1 (Sib.)

face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1 (AH, IM, Pav. C.), qamla- 2 (Sangl.)

face="Times New Roman Star"xam 1, xamna- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1

face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1, qamda- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"jomъs/, jumъz/@ 1

face="Times New Roman Star"xam-na:- (xam-sa:-) 2

face="Times New Roman Star"kamna:- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"xam 1

face="Times New Roman Star"qamz|y 1

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, TMN 3, 402-406, ЭСТЯ 5, 240-241, Егоров 348-349, Федотов 1, 486, Stachowski 136.

face="Times New Roman Star"*TAr

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"raft made of skins

face="Times New Roman Star"плот из бурдюков

face="Times New Roman Star"tar (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"tar 'wooden raft' (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) tar (AH)

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 463, EDT 528, Лексика 537.

face="Times New Roman Star"*junt

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"horse, mare

face="Times New Roman Star"лошадь, кобыла

face="Times New Roman Star"junt (Orkh., OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"junt (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"jont

face="Times New Roman Star"junt (Ettuhf.), junad (AH)

face="Times New Roman Star"jut, jot

face="Times New Roman Star"sono-g|os 'young horse'

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 946, VEWT 211, ЭСТЯ 4, 253-254, TMN 4, 199-200. Despite Sinor 1965, 312, hardly a borrowing from Samoyed.

face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"l-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 to shave 2 to tear off, scrape off

face="Times New Roman Star"1 брить 2 срывать, соскребать

face="Times New Roman Star"ju"li- 1 (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"ju"lu"- 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"jo"le- (dial.) 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ju"lu"- 1 (Ettuhf.)

face="Times New Roman Star"ju"l-me- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"su"l- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"hu"l- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"lu"- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"lu"- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"u"l-, u"lu"-, ili- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"ju"lu"- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 919, VEWT 213, ЭСТЯ 4, 216 (confused with *jol- q. v. sub *n/o>\lo), Stachowski 115.

face="Times New Roman Star"*sen|ek

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"jar, mug

face="Times New Roman Star"кувшин

face="Times New Roman Star"sen|ek (MK - Oghuz)

face="Times New Roman Star"sen|ek

face="Times New Roman Star"senek

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 838, VEWT 410.

face="Times New Roman Star"*jAp-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"to make, create, arrange

face="Times New Roman Star"делать, создавать, приготовлять

face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"jap-

face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (Ettuhf.)

face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"jap-

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 870-871; ЭСТЯ 4, 126-127, where arguments are given in favour of separating this verb from *jap- 'to cover'.

face="Times New Roman Star"*ala-n / *ala-n|

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"level ground, plain

face="Times New Roman Star"равнина

face="Times New Roman Star"alan| (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"alan, dial. ala

face="Times New Roman Star"alan

face="Times New Roman Star"alan| (Pav. C.)

face="Times New Roman Star"alan|, a:la

face="Times New Roman Star"olъx

face="Times New Roman Star"ala:s, aly:

face="Times New Roman Star"alyn, aly:

face="Times New Roman Star"ala:q, alandy

face="Times New Roman Star"alan|

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 147, ЭСТЯ 1, 134-135, Федотов 2, 277, Stachowski 32, 33. Length in the Turkm. variant a:la is not clear. Yak. ala:s > Russ. Siber. ala/s (Аникин 80-81).

face="Times New Roman Star"*bEr-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 southern, right 2 to the South, to the right

face="Times New Roman Star"1 южный, правый 2 к югу, направо

face="Times New Roman Star"ber-din 1 (Orkh., OUygh.), beri-je 2, ber-ga"ru" 2 (Orkh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 359,364, 370. The forms ber-din (abl.), ber-ije (adv.), ber-geru" (dir.) - from a spatial noun *ber. The usually related beru" 'this side, here' etc. (EDT 355, ЭСТЯ II 124-125) should be rather kept apart. It is unclear morphologically (be:ru" < ber-ru" seems to be a unique development) and may be derived from the demonstrative bu 'this', just like naru, an|aru, onaru 'that side, there' is derived from the demonstrative stem an- 'that' (see Brockelmann 1954, 134).

face="Times New Roman Star"*jal/-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"to close, hide

face="Times New Roman Star"закрывать(ся), прятать(ся)

face="Times New Roman Star"jas?- (OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"jas?- (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"jas?- (AH)

face="Times New Roman Star"jas-

face="Times New Roman Star"jas?- (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"jas?-

face="Times New Roman Star"sas-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 192, ЭСТЯ 4, 160-161. Very widely spread are also the derivatives *jal/yn-, *jal/yr-, see ibid.

face="Times New Roman Star"*seb-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"spurge, euphorbia

face="Times New Roman Star"молочай

face="Times New Roman Star"so"v-dek

face="Times New Roman Star"Attested only in Turkm., but having probable external parallels.

face="Times New Roman Star"*Ta:m

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 roof 2 wall 3 hut

face="Times New Roman Star"1 крыша 2 стена 3 хибара

face="Times New Roman Star"tam 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"tam 2 (MK), 1 (IM)

face="Times New Roman Star"dam 1, 3

face="Times New Roman Star"tam 2 (КСТТ)

face="Times New Roman Star"tam 1 (Abush.), 2 (Sangl.)

face="Times New Roman Star"to|m 1, 3

face="Times New Roman Star"tam 2

face="Times New Roman Star"dam 1, 3

face="Times New Roman Star"ta:m 2, 3

face="Times New Roman Star"tam 'layer (of earth)'

face="Times New Roman Star"da:%m 1 ( < Ogh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"tam 2, 3

face="Times New Roman Star"tam 'dug-out, grave'

face="Times New Roman Star"tam 2

face="Times New Roman Star"dam 'shed, barn'

face="Times New Roman Star"tam 'hut'

face="Times New Roman Star"tam 2

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 459 (the root has an irregular *t-/*d- variation), Лексика 529. TMN 2, N^o 834. Turk. > Bao. dem 'wall'.

face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)an|yr/

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"stubble-field

face="Times New Roman Star"жнивье, сжатое поле

face="Times New Roman Star"an|yz (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"an|yz (Sangl.)

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 191-192.

face="Times New Roman Star"*ula-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 to extend, prolong 2 to attach, join (ends)

face="Times New Roman Star"1 удлинять, надставлять, продлевать 2 присоединять

face="Times New Roman Star"ula- 2 (OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"ula- 2 (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"ula- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"u>la- (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"ula- (Pav. C.) 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ula"- 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"uli- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ula- 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ula- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"ula- 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ula- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 126-127, ЭСТЯ 1, 587-588. The original meaning was certainly 'to extend, prolong' - as seen also from the derivatives *ula-m 'still more, continuously' (ЭСТЯ 1, 591) (whence Mong. *ulam id., see TMN 2, 107), *ula-ju 'still more, as much as', *ulag 'order, relay, relay station' (ЭСТЯ 1, 588-590) (whence Mong. *ulag|a id., see TMN 2, 106, Щербак 1997, 161; with the meaning 'relay horse' penetrated into some Ugric languages, despite Sinor 1965, 312-315 who proposed an opposite direction of borrowing);

face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"g-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 upwards 2 to rise 3 hill 4 high

face="Times New Roman Star"1 вверх, наверх 2 подниматься 3 холм 4 высокий

face="Times New Roman Star"ju"geru" (Orkh., OUygh.) 1

face="Times New Roman Star"ju"kse- 2 (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ksel- 2, ju"z?|e, (dial.) ju"g, ju"z?|ek, ju"gz?|ek, ju"vz?|ek 3

face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ksa"t- 2 (Houts.), ju"c?e 4 (AH)

face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ksa"l- 2, uz?|a 4

face="Times New Roman Star"u":sel- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"o"ksel- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 915, ЭСТЯ 4, 263-264. The form *ju"geru" is replaced in most modern languages by a back row variant *jokaru, *jokgaru (see ЭСТЯ 4, 213-214); this may be due to a contamination with a synonymous root *jok "up, above" (see ЭСТЯ 4, 215).

face="Times New Roman Star"*bul-

face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology

face="Times New Roman Star"1 hoar-frost 2 frazil, icy surface

face="Times New Roman Star"1 изморозь 2 наледь

face="Times New Roman Star"bulduriq 1

face="Times New Roman Star"buldurc?yn 1, buldura- 'to glitter (of dew, hoar-frost)'

face="Times New Roman Star"pulug| 2 (dial., Leb. R)

face="Times New Roman Star"bulu:s 'glacier'

face="Times New Roman Star"buluq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 38.

,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,